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About the Authors | ||
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| About the Authors
John Todd, Ph.D.,
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| Dr. John Todd was trained in agriculture,
parasitology, and tropical medicine, and received his doctorate in fisheries
and oceanography. His early work involved the behavioral ecology of fishes
and was summarized in his Scientific American article, "The Chemical Languages
of Fishes" (May 1971). He was an Assistant Professor of Ethology at San
Diego State University and an Assistant Scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution until 1973. In 1969 he co-founded the New Alchemy Institute
to create a science and practice based upon ecological precepts. He was
its President until 1981. In 1980 he founded Ocean Arks International,
and in the same year received, with Nancy Jack Todd, the Swiss Threshold
Award for their "contributions to human knowledge". Throughout the 1980's
he developed an ecological design field which included energy, architecture,
waste, food and ocean transport components. This work was published in
a series of books: "The Village as Solar Ecology" (1980); "Tomorrow is
Our Permanent Address" (1980); "Reinhabiting Cities & Towns: Designing
for Sustainability" (1981); "Bioshelters, Ocean Arks, City Farming: Ecology
as the Basis of Design" (1984). The latter has been revised and published
as "From Eco-Cities to Living MachinesTM" (1994).
In 1984 he began developing technologies for treating wastes and purifying water. In 1987 he was recognized by the United Nations Environmental Program for his "contributions toward protecting the Earth's environment". In June of 1989 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency selected Dr. Todd to receive the Chico Mendes Environmental Merit Award for his work with Living MachinesTM for waste treatment. In October of 1990 he received the Teddy Roosevelt Conservation Award for Innovations in Design, and in July of 1994, Dr. Todd received the Chrysler Award for Innovation in Design, being the first biologist to receive either of these prestigious awards. In July of 1996 he was awarded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Achievement Award for his innovations in wastewater treatment and aquaculture. Dr. Todd is the author of over two hundred technical
and popular articles on biology and planetary stewardship. He sits on a
number of environmental and technical boards and is a Professor at the
University of Vermont. Dr. Todd co-founded Living Technologies, Inc., an
ecological design, engineering and construction firm in Burlington, Vermont,
USA. He was also instrumental in founding Living Technologies Limited in
Findhorn, Scotland and is a Fellow of the Findhorn Foundation. In May 1998,
Dr. Todd and Nancy Jack Todd will receive the Lindbergh Award in recognition
of their work in technology and the environment.
Dr. Beth Josephson worked as associate director of Ocean Arks until 1996, and assisted in the design and operation of many of the early Living Machines. |