updated 14 Dec 1998
Tommy Mansson & Eng-Leong Foo. 1998. Swedish efforts in integrating bio-fuels as alternative fuels for transportation in buses, lorries and cars.   
In: Integrated Bio-Systems in Zero Emissions Applications.
Proceedings of the Internet Conference on Integrated Biosystems.
Eds: Eng-Leong Foo & Tarcisio Della Senta. 1998  http://www.ias.unu.edu/proceedings/icibs/mansson
 
About the Authors Paper
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About the Authors
Tommy Mansson, Environment Expert Network, Toppvagen 36 A, S-17740 Jarfalla, Sweden.  Email: tommy.mansson@enen.se  
Tommy Månsson , M Sc, Civil Engineer/Economist. Consultant for The Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board (KFB) - the Biofuel Programme. President for the Environmental Experts Network (EnEN), an international network consultancy  working with environmental projects in co-operation with the Swedish International Developing Agency Sida), United Nation and others. Former senior advisor to the Swedish government and expert in the Environmental Advisory Council. Broad experience of energy planning, energy systems studies and transport environmental programmes and projects in Sweden and develoiping countries. 
Eng-Leong "Jacky" Foo, UNESCO Microbial Resources Center,  Arvikagatan 26, S-12343 Farsta, Sweden. Phone: 46-8-945959 E-mail: foo@swipnet.se  http://home2.swipnet.se/~w-25860/jacky  
Jacky Foo is educated as an agricultural microbiologist (India) with training in agro-industrial microbiology (Germany, Sweden, Japan). Between 1972-1983 he did bench research related to e.g. nitrogen fixation, biogas technology, lactic acid bacteria, algal cultivation, etc. He has specialised in electronic networking for human networks. Since 1983 he established a few electronic networks and organized numerous electronic and Internet activities. Jacky Foo currently works as a consultant providing advice and development of projects using integrated bio-systems in sustainable agriculture, agro-industry and rural and urban development to achieve zero wastes, cleaner production and zero emissions as well as in organizing Internet Conferences and electronic networking. 
Abstract
 
 The use of bio-based fuels for vehicles can provide a new market and greater incentive to decentralised production of ethanol and biogas from biomass and wastes, thereby integrating the use of wastes and biomass with biofuel production for the transport sector. Biofuels provide an alternative to fossil fuel dependency and emits less pollutants; for example a bus using biogas will produce 1.2 tonnes less nitrogen oxides and 30 tonnes less carbon dioxide per year. Sweden plans to replace 15% of the fossil fuel consumption in the transport sector with alternative fuels by 2010. This will be achieved through a number of measures, such as low blending of ethanol in petroleum, introducing flexible fuel vehicles, and using biogas and ethanol by fleets of buses and lorries. To support this strategy, a number of other economic control measures will be introduced.   

In 1991 the Swedish Transport & Communications Research Board launched a programme to demonstrate the use of biogas and ethanol as bio-based fuels for buses, lorries and cars. Results showed that ethanol and biogas are viable alternative fuel options although they cannot yet compete with fossil fuels in today's market. Another objective of the programme was to gain experience and to provide information to various interested parties (politicians, distributors, vehicle operators, etc) on future investments in biofuels.   

This paper provides information on projects in different cities in Sweden on the use of ethanol and biogas by transport vehicles and presents a scenario for discussion on how an integrated system could be developed to use agricultural wastes and sewage to generate ethanol and biogas as alternative fuels for the transport sector, and how nutrients from the effluents can be recycled to agriculture and forestry.