Inst.of Advanced Studies, UN University |
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Inst.of Advanced Studies, UN University |
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| Paper | Discussion |
1. Urban houses are frequently provided with water supplies before wastewater disposal systems. Here, in India, the wastewater has been allowed to form a pool in the street. The foul water provides a breeding site for mosquito vectors of elephantiasis (filariasis). This parasite puts about 1000 million people at risk and the major reason is poor urban and peri-urban wastewater disposal. |
2. Biomass fuels: exposure to smoky fuels in unventilated kitchens is a major cause of respiratory disease. |
3. Children bathing in sewage, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In the sprawling peri-urban slums there are few choices. |
 urban communities. People queue all day to get access to water from standpipes that only operate for 2-3 hours during the middle of the night. This example is from Smokey Mountain Manila. |
5. Peri-urban production systems can have unexpected impacts. This child lives on a new market garden project in West Africa and is exposed to schistosomiasis, or bilharzia. The disease is caused by an aquatic parasite that burrows through the skin. |
6. In many communities people try to harvest rainwater. The tanks provide excellent breeding sites for mosquito vectors of dengue. This is a serious epidemic disease that is becoming more common each year. |
8. This wastewater stabilization pond system provides a low running, low maintenance cost solution for safe wastewater re-use in agriculture. It is inherently better than an activated sludge treatment plant providing that it is not overloaded. It requires a lot of land. Land is often expensive on the edges of cities. |
9. Localised irrigation using drip systems can deliver treated wastewater more safely to food crops. Occupational risks to farm labourers are reduced but contamination of plant surfaces can still occur. We need better methods of post harvest decontamination. |