Dear Friends:

Vu Do Quynh [Vu-Do.Quynh@vn.refer.org] asked:
> > Pig manure as input of digester came from a pig sty, in which pigs were
> > fed with the mixture of bran and treated chicken manure (30-60%). Of
> > course before digestion of pig manure.
>
> Could you tell me/us how you treat the chicken manure in order to be
> able to feed it to the pigs?

The treatment of chicken manure is one of the topics in "Broiler farming
and pig farming interaction". But I'm still glad to give you my thought as follows:

Treatment of chicken manure
Li Kangmin

Chicken manure contains large amounts of microorganisms and some harmful
gas such as ammonia, and also contains rich nutrients undigested and
unabsorbed as well. Therefore, it is both source of pollution and source of
feed, fertilizer, and bio-energy. The treatment of chicken manure is to
pasteurize pathogenic microorganisms, deodorize mal odor and eliminate
pollution. On the other aspect, we have to retain its nutritious contents so as to turn it
into feed, fertilizer and bio-energy of value for the promotion of benign material cycle.

Several methods of the treatment of chicken manure are now adopted in China:
- new type anaerobic fermentation,
- rapid fermentation method,
- rapid stove drying,
- aerobic fermentation in green house,
- high temperature high pressure vacuum drying,
- heat expansion method,
- microwave method and integrated method.

Integrated method is often adopted in production to combine several methods
so as to reduce the cost of the treatment. For example, there are three
steps in integrated method:
The first step is to reduce the moisture of chicken manure to about 60% by
solar energy, which evaporate water from chicken manure.

The second step is to cover the heap of chicken manure 1 meter high with
plastic sheet. The temperature of the heap will rise up to 65C, and then
the temperature will decrease. During this process, mechanic mixer is often
used in large-scale and manual stirring in small-scale fermentation. The
process will last 15-30 days in summer in line with different regions.
After even fermentation, TN will decrease from 3.1% to 2.41% due to the
volatilization of ammonium. TP and TK will increase. The moisture will be 50%.

The third step is to dry chicken manure with a small-scale drying device,
which is easily operated with low investment made in China in 1996 or
large-scale drying facility. The moisture of chicken manure can reduce to
about 13%.