Dear participants,

I would like to thank Dr Karki and Dr Gautam for a very
interesting paper. It led us to think more about the integration of human excreta in the integrated biosystems. In UTA we are doing it and it is part of our system but it was great to see that there are so many questions without an exact answer which means that there is a lot to do from many points of view. We all should take the challenge and help to generate more data about integrated use of available resources, and excreta is a resource shared by rich and poor alike, but correctly used can benefit particularly the poor people. Poor families are usually large and therefore there is an opportunity to develop latrines with various objectives:
- to improve sanitation
- to improve the well-being of people
- to be able to recycle the nutrients
- to be able to produce food/feeds

After the discussions we are also clear that there is a big need to do work on the level of infestation by pathogens of vegetables/crops/ that are being fertilized with effluent from human excreta and also from effluent from animal excreta and other sources of organics fertilizers.

Finally I would like to thanks to Jacky for trying always to keep high the level of interest of all of us, the participants and authors. It is important also to mention that e-mail/internet conferences are very useful as there is always more room to think over the papers and make questions and comments than in other type of conferences.

We hope that the authors will be happy to continue the interaction with some participants by the private mail addresses.

I am closing this paper but at the same time I want to invite all of you to join the papers for the next section of this very interesting conference.

Best regards to all,

Lylian