Bali cattle are the indigenous cattle of eastern Indonesia and have great cultural and religious significance for the people of that area. Indonesia's domestic livestock population has been shrinking for the past 20 years and the last economic crisis has further aggravated the situation as many local cattle farmers had to sell off their livestock to pay for urgent daily needs. Many areas of eastern Indonesia are non-arable and suitable solely for livestock production. In more arable areas of Bali, though the gross marginal income per hectare in arable land for production of vegetable products is generally higher than that for livestock, integrating animal production is a valuable adjunct to cropping as animal manure help to maintain organic fertility and stability of the soils. Efforts are needed to promote methods to increase farm-gate profitability and downstream product quality of animal production. Investing in methods that maximise the value of indigenous cattle resources is hence of importance to the Bali Cattle Research and Development Centre.

The Bali Cattle Research and Development Centre has two cattle feedlots with a full capacity of 135 head capacity. Another feedlot for 100 cattle is planned along with the construction of an abattoir-meat processing factory beside the Centre. This conceptual paper will presents the overall material flows expected of the Research Centre and the future feedlot-abattoir-meat processing factory at the Udayana University's Technology Park in Bali, Indonesia. The Complex will generate an estimated 8 m3 of solid wastes (manure, offal, bones, garbage, compound and garden wastes) daily and 9 m3 of wastewater and sewage. An integrated bio-system is proposed that can manage all solid and liquid wastes and to convert them into value-added products that can be used in the Complex and to generate additional income. With the bio-system,  zero waste and zero discharge can be achieved at the Complex. All solid and liquid wastes will be used for fodder crop cultivation, and other income generating activities e.g. poultry, crocodile farming, plant nursery and aquaculture. The complex will employ more than 60 persons.

Mr. Foo is educated and trained as an agro-industrial microbiologist and biotechnologist with 10 years of laboratory and field research experience in India, Japan and Sweden (1972-82) on applied agricultural microbiology and industrial biotechnology. Since 1983 he has specialised in electronic conferencing and networking and uses Internet to organize activities (Internet Conferences, e-seminars, e-workshops, e-discussion) on topics related to agriculture (bioconversion of biomass to food, fertilizer, feed and fuel; biological nitrogen fixation, anaerobic digestion; integrated bio-systems in sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and built-structures); agro-food industry (lactic acid fermentation, cleaner production, zero emissions); zero wastes, environment and sustainable development (ecotechnology, ecocity and eco-villages, small islands, sustainable livelihoods of rural and urban poor), etc.. He has worked closely over extended periods of time with various organizations, e.g. the United Nations University (Japan), Biofocus Foundation (Sweden), Working Group on Developing Countries of the International Solid Waste Association, International Ecological Engineering Society, the Department of Foreign Affairs of Republic of the Philippines, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is a Fellow of the World Academy of Arts and Science and a board member of the Biofocus Foundation, Stockholm. He is the director of the UNESCO Microbial Resources Centre which serves as the regional Scandinavian centre of the UNESCO's Network on Environmental, Applied Microbiological and Biotechnological Research.

Simon Appleby was educated in Australia. He graduated from the University of Melbourne School of Veterinary Science with a Bachelor of Veterinary Science degree in 1992. He commenced work in veterinary practice as Intern in Large Animal Medicine and Production at the Goondiwindi Pastoral Veterinary Centre, The University of Queensland, and was engaged in all aspects of cattle and sheep production and health care in a large cattle breeding and fattening region in southern Queensland. He developed an interest in cost-effective effluent management of cattle enterprises while consulting for small feedlots that had environmentally unsound manure disposal methods. He was awarded a Master of Veterinary Studies degree from the University of Queensland in 1995, having completed course work in a range of disciplines related to pastoral production systems, and his thesis in the discipline of epidemiology was “Risk factors for Bovine Respiratory Disease in a Northern New South Wales Feedlot”. 

He commenced work for Mitsubishi Corporation in 1994 as the Veterinary Officer for the company’s pastoral division, supervising the overall health and productivity of up to 100,000 head of feedlot cattle in five feedlots and 7000 grazing cattle on fifteen different properties each year. He engaged in research and development work in health, nutrition, management and meat science in this role. He also maintained an interest in cost-effective and sound manure disposal practices while working with this company. In 1997, he established Pacific Rim Livestock Services Pty Ltd, an agribusiness consultancy and later a production company with branches in Indonesia and the Philippines. Since establishment, the company has been engaged in consulting for and equity partnerships with large and small feedlots, sheep breeders, fish farmers, cattle breeders and stockfeed manufacturers. The company has completed the design phase for the Bali Integrated Meat Production Complex in Bali, and is currently engaged in establishing its own fish farms for groper and tuna in eastern Indonesia. An ongoing aim of the company is to implement agribusiness practices that are profitable and sustainable.